学习整理:arm-trusted-firmware

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本文以AArch64为准,内容以翻译原文为主。

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基本介绍

权限模型 (Exception Levels)

基本分为EL3-EL0,从高level转低level通过ERET指令,从低level转高level通过exception方式。

各个级别说明:

  • Non-secure EL0: Unprivileged applications, such as applications downloaded from an App Store.
  • Non-secure EL1: Rich OS kernels from, for example, Linux, Microsoft Windows, iOS.
  • Non-secure EL2: Hypervisors, from vendors such as Citrix, VMWare, or OK-Labs.
  • Secure EL0: Trusted OS applications.
  • Secure EL1: Trusted OS kernels from Trusted OS vendors such as Trustonic.
  • Secure EL3: Secure Monitor, executing secure platform firmware provided by Silicon vendors and OEMs ARM Trusted Firmware

启动过程

基本分为BL1->BL2->(BL31/BL32/BL33)这几个阶段,整体框图如下:

BL1

  • 系统reset vector后在ROM上开始执行,EL3模式,起始执行地址BL1_RO_BASE
  • BL1的数据段被拷贝到trusted SRAM的顶端,起始地址BL1_RW_BASE
  • 地址定义参见platform_def.h
  • BL1阶段参考函数bl1_main
架构初始化
  1. 判断cold reset还是warm reset,参考函数plat_get_my_entrypoint

  2. cold reset和warm reset走不同代码分支,但至少完成后续这些初始化

  3. 建立简单的exception vectors,如下:

    0x0 : Synchronous exception from Current EL with SP_EL0
    0x1 : IRQ exception from Current EL with SP_EL0
    0x2 : FIQ exception from Current EL with SP_EL0
    0x3 : System Error exception from Current EL with SP_EL0
    0x4 : Synchronous exception from Current EL with SP_ELx
    0x5 : IRQ exception from Current EL with SP_ELx
    0x6 : FIQ exception from Current EL with SP_ELx
    0x7 : System Error exception from Current EL with SP_ELx
    0x8 : Synchronous exception from Lower EL using aarch64
    0x9 : IRQ exception from Lower EL using aarch64
    0xa : FIQ exception from Lower EL using aarch64
    0xb : System Error exception from Lower EL using aarch64
    0xc : Synchronous exception from Lower EL using aarch32
    0xd : IRQ exception from Lower EL using aarch32
    0xe : FIQ exception from Lower EL using aarch32
    0xf : System Error exception from Lower EL using aarch32
    

    当出现异常时会调用函数plat_report_exception ,通过LED反映异常情况:

    SYS_LED[0] - Security state (Secure=0/Non-Secure=1)
    SYS_LED[2:1] - Exception Level (EL3=0x3, EL2=0x2, EL1=0x1, EL0=0x0)
    SYS_LED[7:3] - Exception Class (Sync/Async & origin). This is the value of the status code
    
  4. CPU初始化,参考函数reset_hardler

  5. 配置控制寄存器,SCTLR_EL3SCR_EL3CPTR_EL3DAIFMDCR_EL3等等

平台初始化
  1. 使能Trusted Watchdog
  2. 初始化console
  3. 配置内联,保证硬件一致
  4. 使能MMU,并映射需要访问的memory
  5. 配置BL2所在的存储
Firmware升级 (可选)
BL2加载和运行
  1. 打印”Booting Trusted Firmware”以表明BL1执行成功
  2. 预判并加载BL2到trusted SRAM,预判参考函数bl1_plat_handle_pre_image_load,如果失败则打印”Failed to load BL2 firmware.”
  3. 调用函数bl1_plat_handle_post_image_load,传递BL2参数,如memory layout
  4. 运行BL2

BL2

  • 在trusted SRAM上执行,EL1模式,起始地址BL2_BASE
架构初始化
  1. 为ATF子目标和通用软件正常运行而初始化
  2. 清 CPACR.FPEN,使EL1和EL0可以访问Floating Point和Advanced SIMD
平台初始化
  1. 初始化console
  2. 配置可以加载下一个BL阶段所使用的存储设备
  3. 使能MMU,并映射需要访问的memory
  4. 配置平台安全设置,使能访问控制组件
  5. 保留部分memory,用于传递数据给下一个BL EL3 Runtime Software
  6. 定义额外可用的memory,给后面每个BL的加载使用
加载Image
  1. load_scp_bl2,(separate System Control Processor)

  2. load_bl31,EL3 Runtime Software image load,从存储设备加载到trusted SRAM

    • 通过提升SMC将控制回到BL1,将BL31的入口提供给BL1   
    •  BL1关闭MMU,并通过清除SCTLR_EL3.M/I/C,冲掉data cache   
    • BL1将控制转给BL31的入口
  3. load_bl32 (optional), Secure-EL1 Payload image load

  4. load_bl33, Non-trusted Firmware image load,从存储设备加载到non-secure memory

BL31

  • 在trusted SRAM上执行,EL3模式,入口地址BL31_BASE
架构初始化

与BL1的架构初始化相近,覆盖BL1的初始化

  1. 初始化每个CPU的数据框架,包括各个CPU的cache

  2. 替换BL1的exception vector

平台初始化

使normal world software能正常工作 

  1. 初始化console

  2.  配置内联使其硬件一致

  3. 使能MMU,并映射需要访问的memory

  4.  初始化通用中断控制器

  5. 初始化电源控制器设备

  6. 检测系统拓扑

Runtime services初始化

EL3 runtime services framework如下:

  1. Standard service calls,如PSCI(Power State Coordination Interface)
  2. Secure-EL1 Payload Dispatcher service
  3. CPU implementation service

BL32 (可选,略过)

BL33

  • Non-trusted Firmware image
  • EL3 Runtime Software使用BL2提供的entrypoint信息跳转到BL33,EL2模式

地址布局

               DRAM
0xffffffff +----------+
           :          :
           |----------|
           |HW_CONFIG |
0x83000000 |----------|  (non-secure)
           |          |
0x80000000 +----------+

           Trusted SRAM
0x04040000 +----------+  loaded by BL2  +----------------+
           | BL1 (rw) |  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |                |
           |----------|  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |  BL31 NOBITS   |
           |   BL2    |  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |                |
           |----------|  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |----------------|
           |          |  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  | BL31 PROGBITS  |
           |          |  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |----------------|
           |          |  <<<<<<<<<<<<<  |     BL32       |
0x04002000 +----------+                 +----------------+
           |fw_configs|
0x04001000 +----------+
           |  Shared  |
0x04000000 +----------+

           Trusted ROM
0x04000000 +----------+
           | BL1 (ro) |
0x00000000 +----------+

关于FIP

  • Firmware Image Package
  • 通常BL1被烧录在ROM中,BL2/BL31/BL32/BL33/uboot被打包成fip.bin烧录在flash中;启动时通过检索UUID找到fip.bin中的各个image,参考firmware_image_package.h
  • 通过函数plat_get_image_source()读取数FIP数据
  • tools/fiptool/fiptool可以生成和分解fip文件